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---
title: Using Authelia to secure services in Docker
description: Authelia is an open-source authentication and authorization server providing 2-factor authentication and single sign-on (SSO) for your applications via a web portal.
---
# Authelia in Docker Swarm
[Authelia](https://github.com/authelia/authelia) is an open-source authentication and authorization server providing 2-factor authentication and single sign-on (SSO) for your applications via a web portal. Like [Traefik Forward Auth][tfa], Authelia acts as a companion of reverse proxies like Nginx, [Traefik](/docker-swarm/traefik/), or HAProxy to let them know whether queries should pass through. Unauthenticated users are redirected to Authelia Sign-in portal instead. Authelia is a popular alternative to a heavyweight such as [KeyCloak][keycloak].
![Authelia Screenshot](/images/authelia.png){ loading=lazy }
Features include
* Multiple two-factor methods such as
* [Physical Security Key](https://www.authelia.com/docs/features/2fa/security-key) (Yubikey)
* OTP using Google Authenticator
* Mobile Notifications
* Lockout users after too many failed login attempts
* Highly Customizable Access Control using rules to match criteria such as subdomain, username, groups the user is in, and Network
* Authelia [Community](https://discord.authelia.com/) Support
* Full list of features can be viewed [here](https://www.authelia.com/docs/features/)
## Authelia requirements
!!! summary "Ingredients"
Already deployed:
* [X] [Docker swarm cluster](/docker-swarm/design/) with [persistent shared storage](/docker-swarm/shared-storage-ceph/)
* [X] [Traefik](/docker-swarm/traefik/) configured per design
New:
* [ ] DNS entry for your auth host (*"authelia.yourdomain.com" is a good choice*), pointed to your [keepalived](/docker-swarm/keepalived/) IP
### Setup data locations
First, we create a directory to hold the data which authelia will serve:
```bash
mkdir /var/data/config/authelia
```
### Create Authelia config file
Authelia configurations are defined in `/var/data/config/authelia/configuration.yml`. Some are required and some are optional. The following is a variation of the default example config file. Optional configuration settings can be viewed on in [Authelia's documentation](https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/)
!!! warning
Your variables may vary significantly from what's illustrated below, and it's best to read up and understand exactly what each option does.
```yaml title="/var/data/config/authelia/configuration.yml"
###############################################################
# Authelia configuration #
###############################################################
server:
host: 0.0.0.0
port: 9091
log:
level: warn
# This secret can also be set using the env variables AUTHELIA_JWT_SECRET_FILE
# I used this site to generate the secret: https://www.grc.com/passwords.htm
jwt_secret: SECRET_GOES_HERE
# https://docs.authelia.com/configuration/miscellaneous.html#default-redirection-url
default_redirection_url: https://authelia.example.com
totp:
issuer: authelia.example.com
period: 30
skew: 1
authentication_backend:
file:
path: /config/users_database.yml
# customize passwords based on https://docs.authelia.com/configuration/authentication/file.html
password:
algorithm: argon2id
iterations: 1
salt_length: 16
parallelism: 8
memory: 1024 # blocks this much of the RAM. Tune this.
# https://docs.authelia.com/configuration/access-control.html
access_control:
default_policy: one_factor
rules:
- domain: "bitwarden.example.com"
policy: two_factor
- domain: "whoami-authelia-2fa.example.com"
policy: two_factor
- domain: "*.example.com" # (1)!
policy: one_factor
session:
name: authelia_session
# This secret can also be set using the env variables AUTHELIA_SESSION_SECRET_FILE
# Used a different secret, but the same site as jwt_secret above.
secret: SECRET_GOES_HERE
expiration: 3600 # 1 hour
inactivity: 300 # 5 minutes
domain: example.com # Should match whatever your root protected domain is
regulation:
max_retries: 3
find_time: 120
ban_time: 300
storage:
encryption_key: SECRET_GOES_HERE_20_CHARACTERS_OR_LONGER
local:
path: /config/db.sqlite3
notifier:
# smtp:
# username: SMTP_USERNAME
# # This secret can also be set using the env variables AUTHELIA_NOTIFIER_SMTP_PASSWORD_FILE
# # password: # use docker secret file instead AUTHELIA_NOTIFIER_SMTP_PASSWORD_FILE
# host: SMTP_HOST
# port: 587 #465
# sender: batman@example.com # customize for your setup
# For testing purpose, notifications can be sent in a file. Be sure map the volume in docker-compose.
filesystem:
filename: /config/notification.txt
```
1. The wildcard rule must go last, since the first rule to match the request, wins
### Create Authelia user Accounts
Create `/var/data/config/authelia/users_database.yml` this will be where we can create user accounts and give them groups
```yaml title="/var/data/config/authelia/users_database.yml"
# To create a hashed password you can run the following command:
# `docker run authelia/authelia:latest authelia hash-password YOUR_PASSWORD``
users:
batman: # each new user should be defined in a dictionary like this
displayname: "Batman"
# replace this with your hashed password. This one, for the purposes of testing, is "password"
password: "$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=3,p=4$cW1adlh3UjhIRE9zSmZyZw$xA4S2X8BjE7LVb4NndJCZnoyHgON5w3FopO4vw5AQxE"
email: batman@example.com
groups:
- admins
- dev
```
To create a hashed password you can run the following command
`docker run authelia/authelia:latest authelia hash-password YOUR_PASSWORD`
### Authelia Docker Swarm config
Create a docker swarm config file in docker-compose syntax (v3), something like this example:
--8<-- "premix-cta.md"
```yaml title="/var/data/config/authelia/authelia.yml"
version: "3.2"
services:
authelia:
image: authelia/authelia
volumes:
- /var/data/config/authelia:/config
networks:
- traefik_public
deploy:
labels:
# traefik common
- traefik.enable=true
- traefik.docker.network=traefik_public
# traefikv1
- traefik.frontend.rule=Host:authelia.example.com
- traefik.port=80
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.address=http://authelia:9091/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com/'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.trustForwardHeader=true'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.authResponseHeaders=Remote-User,Remote-Groups,Remote-Name,Remote-Email'
# traefikv2
- "traefik.http.routers.authelia.rule=Host(`authelia.example.com`)"
- "traefik.http.routers.authelia.entrypoints=https"
- "traefik.http.services.authelia.loadbalancer.server.port=9091"
whoami-1fa: # (1)!
image: containous/whoami
networks:
- traefik_public
deploy:
labels:
# traefik
- "traefik.enable=true"
- "traefik.docker.network=traefik_public"
# traefikv1
- "traefik.frontend.rule=Host:whoami-authelia-1fa.example.com"
- traefik.port=80
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.address=http://authelia:9091/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com/'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.trustForwardHeader=true'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.authResponseHeaders=Remote-User,Remote-Groups,Remote-Name,Remote-Email'
# traefikv2
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-1fa.rule=Host(`whoami-authelia-1fa.example.com`)"
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-1fa.entrypoints=https"
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-1fa.middlewares=authelia"
- "traefik.http.services.whoami-authelia-1fa.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
whoami-2fa: # (2)!
image: containous/whoami
networks:
- traefik_public
deploy:
labels:
# traefik
- "traefik.enable=true"
- "traefik.docker.network=traefik_public"
# traefikv1
- "traefik.frontend.rule=Host:whoami-authelia-2fa.example.com"
- traefik.port=80
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.address=http://authelia:9091/api/verify?rd=https://authelia.example.com/'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.trustForwardHeader=true'
- 'traefik.frontend.auth.forward.authResponseHeaders=Remote-User,Remote-Groups,Remote-Name,Remote-Email'
# traefikv2
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-2fa.rule=Host(`whoami-authelia-2fa.example.com`)"
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-2fa.entrypoints=https"
- "traefik.http.routers.whoami-authelia-2fa.middlewares=authelia"
- "traefik.http.services.whoami-authelia-2fa.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
networks:
traefik_public:
external: true
```
1. Optionally used to test 1FA authentication
2. Optionally used to test 2FA authentication
!!! question "Why not just use Traefik Forward Auth?"
While [Traefik Forward Auth][tfa] is a very lightweight, minimal authentication layer, which provides OIDC-based authentication, Authelia provides more features such as multiple methods of authentication (*Hardware, OTP, Email*), advanced rules, and push notifications.
## Run Authelia
Launch the Authelia stack by running ```docker stack deploy authelia -c <path -to-docker-compose.yml>```
### Test Authelia
To test the service works successfully, try logging into Authelia itself first, as a user whose password you've setup in `/var/data/config/authelia/users_database.yml`.
You'll notice that upon successful login, you're requested to setup 2FA. If (*like me!*) you didn't configure an SMTP server, you can still setup 2FA (*TOTP or webauthn*), and the setup link email instructions should be found in `/var/data/config/authelia/notifications.txt`
Now you're ready to test 1FA and 2FA auth, against the two "whoami" services defined in the docker-compose file.
Try to access each in turn, and confirm that you're _not_ prompted for 2FA on whoami-authelia-1fa, but you _are_ prompted for 2FA on whoami-authelia-2fa! :thumbsup:
## Summary
What have we achieved? By adding a simple label to any service, we can secure any service behind our Authelia, with minimal processing / handling overhead, and benefit from the 1FA/2FA multi-layered features provided by Autheila.
!!! summary "Summary"
Created:
* [X] Authelia configured and available to provide a layer of authentication to other services deployed in the stack
### Authelia vs Keycloak
[KeyCloak][keycloak] is the "big daddy" of self-hosted authentication platforms - it has a beautiful GUI, and a very advanced and mature featureset. Like Authelia, KeyCloak can [use an LDAP server](/recipes/keycloak/authenticate-against-openldap/) as a backend, but _unlike_ Authelia, KeyCloak allows for 2-way sync between that LDAP backend, meaning KeyCloak can be used to _create_ and _update_ the LDAP entries (*Authelia's is just a one-way LDAP lookup - you'll need another tool to actually administer your LDAP database*).
[^1]: The initial inclusion of Authelia was due to the efforts of @bencey in Discord (Thanks Ben!)
--8<-- "recipe-footer.md"