diff --git a/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-network-cases.ts b/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-network-cases.ts
index c460bd1..dfb6e3f 100644
--- a/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-network-cases.ts
+++ b/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-network-cases.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ function readEnvString(name: string, fallback: string): string {
     return value && value.length > 0 ? value : fallback;
 }
 
+function readEnvInteger(name: string, fallback: number): number {
+    const value = readEnvString(name, String(fallback));
+    const parsed = Number(value);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(parsed) || parsed < 1) {
+        throw new Error(`${name} must be a positive integer, got '${value}'`);
+    }
+    return parsed;
+}
+
 function timestamp(): string {
     const d = new Date();
     const pad = (n: number) => String(n).padStart(2, "0");
@@ -41,6 +50,7 @@ function buildCases(): BenchmarkCase[] {
     const tetheringVpnRtt = readEnvString("BENCH_TETHERING_VPN_RTT_MS", "120");
     const localTurnServers = readEnvString("BENCH_LOCAL_TURN_SERVERS", "turn:127.0.0.1:3478");
     const shimCouchdbUri = readEnvString("BENCH_SHIM_COUCHDB_URI", "http://couchdb-shim:5984");
+    const signallingShimRelay = readEnvString("BENCH_SIGNAL_SHIM_RELAY", "ws://p2p-signalling-shim:7777/");
 
     return [
         {
@@ -136,6 +146,44 @@ function buildCases(): BenchmarkCase[] {
                     "structural-placeholder-only; selected ICE pair may be collected, but the path is not shaped",
             },
         },
+        {
+            name: "p2p-signalling-netem-home-wifi",
+            runner: "p2p",
+            description:
+                "Tier 2 P2P path with only the Nostr signalling relay accessed through the home-wifi netem shim.",
+            dataPath: "Device A -> Device B over WebRTC DataChannel; Nostr signalling through netem shim",
+            trustBoundary: "Nostr signalling metadata through constrained network shim; no TURN relay",
+            env: {
+                ...base,
+                BENCH_CASE: "p2p-signalling-netem-home-wifi",
+                BENCH_RELAY: signallingShimRelay,
+                BENCH_TURN_SERVERS: "",
+                BENCH_SIMULATION_TIER: "2",
+                BENCH_NETWORK_PROFILE: "home-wifi",
+                BENCH_NETWORK_MODEL: "compose-netem-signalling-shim",
+                BENCH_P2P_CANDIDATE_PATH_VERIFICATION:
+                    "selected ICE pair collected; only Nostr signalling path is shaped",
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            name: "p2p-signalling-netem-tethering-vpn",
+            runner: "p2p",
+            description:
+                "Tier 2 P2P path with only the Nostr signalling relay accessed through the tethering-vpn netem shim.",
+            dataPath: "Device A -> Device B over WebRTC DataChannel; Nostr signalling through netem shim",
+            trustBoundary: "Nostr signalling metadata through constrained smartphone/VPN-like network shim; no TURN relay",
+            env: {
+                ...base,
+                BENCH_CASE: "p2p-signalling-netem-tethering-vpn",
+                BENCH_RELAY: signallingShimRelay,
+                BENCH_TURN_SERVERS: "",
+                BENCH_SIMULATION_TIER: "2",
+                BENCH_NETWORK_PROFILE: "tethering-vpn",
+                BENCH_NETWORK_MODEL: "compose-netem-signalling-shim",
+                BENCH_P2P_CANDIDATE_PATH_VERIFICATION:
+                    "selected ICE pair collected; only Nostr signalling path is shaped",
+            },
+        },
         {
             name: "p2p-user-turn",
             runner: "p2p",
@@ -156,16 +204,25 @@ function buildCases(): BenchmarkCase[] {
     ];
 }
 
-async function runCase(testCase: BenchmarkCase, outputDir: string): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
-    const resultPath = `${outputDir}/${testCase.name}.json`;
+async function runCase(
+    testCase: BenchmarkCase,
+    outputDir: string,
+    repeatIndex: number,
+    repeatCount: number
+): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
+    const suffix = repeatCount > 1 ? `-r${String(repeatIndex).padStart(2, "0")}` : "";
+    const resultPath = `${outputDir}/${testCase.name}${suffix}.json`;
     const taskName = testCase.runner === "p2p" ? "bench:p2p" : "bench:couchdb";
     const env = {
         ...Deno.env.toObject(),
         ...testCase.env,
         BENCH_RESULT_JSON: resultPath,
+        BENCH_REPEAT_INDEX: String(repeatIndex),
+        BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT: String(repeatCount),
     };
 
-    console.log(`[bench-cases] running ${testCase.name}: ${testCase.description}`);
+    const repeatLabel = repeatCount > 1 ? ` (${repeatIndex}/${repeatCount})` : "";
+    console.log(`[bench-cases] running ${testCase.name}${repeatLabel}: ${testCase.description}`);
     const command = new Deno.Command("deno", {
         args: ["task", taskName],
         cwd: import.meta.dirname,
@@ -184,6 +241,9 @@ async function runCase(testCase: BenchmarkCase, outputDir: string): Promise<Reco
     const result = JSON.parse(await Deno.readTextFile(resultPath)) as Record<string, unknown>;
     return {
         ...testCase,
+        repeatIndex,
+        repeatCount,
+        resultPath,
         result,
     };
 }
@@ -211,11 +271,13 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
 
     const allCases = buildCases();
     const cases = selectCases(allCases);
+    const repeatCount = readEnvInteger("BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT", 1);
     await Deno.writeTextFile(
         `${outputDir}/case-manifest.json`,
         JSON.stringify(
             {
                 generatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+                repeatCount,
                 selectedCases: cases,
                 availableCases: allCases,
             },
@@ -226,12 +288,15 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
 
     const results: Record<string, unknown>[] = [];
     for (const testCase of cases) {
-        results.push(await runCase(testCase, outputDir));
+        for (let repeatIndex = 1; repeatIndex <= repeatCount; repeatIndex++) {
+            results.push(await runCase(testCase, outputDir, repeatIndex, repeatCount));
+        }
     }
 
     const summary = {
         generatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
         outputDir,
+        repeatCount,
         results,
     };
     await Deno.writeTextFile(`${outputDir}/summary.json`, JSON.stringify(summary, null, 2));
diff --git a/test/bench-network/README.md b/test/bench-network/README.md
index 61e172c..5b93a64 100644
--- a/test/bench-network/README.md
+++ b/test/bench-network/README.md
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ Available local cases:
 - `p2p-smartphone-vpn-direct`
 - `p2p-user-turn`
 
+Set `BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT` to run each selected case more than once. Repeated
+results are written with suffixes such as `-r01`, `-r02`, and `-r03`, and the
+summary records the repeat index for each run.
+
 `p2p-smartphone-vpn-direct` is a structural case name. When it is run inside
 this Compose package it is not a real smartphone tethering/VPN measurement; it
 uses the local Compose network. Use it only for wiring checks unless the runner
@@ -193,6 +197,41 @@ a unique `BENCH_SPLIT_RUN_ID`:
 docker compose -f test/bench-network/compose.yml --profile p2p-split down --volumes
 ```
 
+## P2P Signalling-Only Emulation
+
+The optional `signalling-shim` profile shapes only the Nostr signalling relay
+path. The P2P host and client run in the benchmark runner as usual, and the
+configured relay URL points at a TCP netem shim in front of `nostr-relay`.
+This is the preferred fixture when evaluating the hypothesis that P2P avoids a
+constrained remote database data path while still depending on a signalling
+server for rendezvous.
+
+```bash
+BENCH_CASES=p2p-signalling-netem-home-wifi \
+docker compose -f test/bench-network/compose.yml --profile signalling-shim run --rm \
+  bench-runner-signalling-shim
+```
+
+For a stricter signalling path:
+
+```bash
+NETEM_PROFILE=tethering-vpn \
+NETEM_DELAY_MS=140 \
+NETEM_JITTER_MS=50 \
+NETEM_LOSS_PERCENT=1.0 \
+NETEM_BANDWIDTH_MBIT=10 \
+NETEM_MTU=1380 \
+BENCH_CASES=p2p-signalling-netem-tethering-vpn \
+docker compose -f test/bench-network/compose.yml --profile signalling-shim run --rm \
+  bench-runner-signalling-shim
+```
+
+Use this separately from `p2p-split`. The `p2p-split` profile shapes each peer's
+egress path, so it constrains both signalling and the selected WebRTC data
+path. The `signalling-shim` profile constrains only relay access, which keeps
+it focused on peer-to-signalling-server reachability rather than peer-to-peer
+note-data transfer.
+
 ## Shimmed CouchDB benchmark
 
 The optional `shim` profile runs a CouchDB benchmark through a TCP forwarding
diff --git a/test/bench-network/compose.yml b/test/bench-network/compose.yml
index e444ab5..3f3167e 100644
--- a/test/bench-network/compose.yml
+++ b/test/bench-network/compose.yml
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       BENCH_COMMAND: ${BENCH_COMMAND:-cases}
       BENCH_CASES: ${BENCH_CASES:-couchdb-baseline,p2p-direct-local}
+      BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT: ${BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT:-1}
       BENCH_CASES_ROOT: /workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
       BENCH_SWEEP_ROOT: /workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
       BENCH_SWEEP_RTT_MS: ${BENCH_SWEEP_RTT_MS:-20,50,100,150,300}
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       BENCH_COMMAND: ${BENCH_COMMAND:-cases}
       BENCH_CASES: ${BENCH_CASES:-couchdb-netem-home-wifi}
+      BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT: ${BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT:-1}
       BENCH_CASES_ROOT: /workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
       BENCH_SWEEP_ROOT: /workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
       BENCH_COUCHDB_MANAGED: "false"
@@ -160,6 +162,64 @@ services:
     volumes:
       - ./bench-results:/workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
 
+  p2p-signalling-shim:
+    build:
+      context: ../..
+      dockerfile: test/bench-network/Dockerfile.shim
+    profiles:
+      - signalling-shim
+    depends_on:
+      nostr-relay:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    cap_add:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+    environment:
+      NETEM_PROFILE: ${NETEM_PROFILE:-home-wifi}
+      NETEM_INTERFACE: ${NETEM_INTERFACE:-eth0}
+      NETEM_DELAY_MS: ${NETEM_DELAY_MS:-20}
+      NETEM_JITTER_MS: ${NETEM_JITTER_MS:-5}
+      NETEM_LOSS_PERCENT: ${NETEM_LOSS_PERCENT:-0.1}
+      NETEM_BANDWIDTH_MBIT: ${NETEM_BANDWIDTH_MBIT:-100}
+      NETEM_MTU: ${NETEM_MTU:-1500}
+      NETEM_RESULT_ROOT: /bench-results
+      SHIM_LISTEN_PORT: 7777
+      SHIM_TARGET_HOST: nostr-relay
+      SHIM_TARGET_PORT: 7777
+    volumes:
+      - ./bench-results:/bench-results
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "nc -z 127.0.0.1 7777"]
+      interval: 2s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 30
+
+  bench-runner-signalling-shim:
+    build:
+      context: ../..
+      dockerfile: test/bench-network/Dockerfile.runner
+    profiles:
+      - signalling-shim
+    depends_on:
+      p2p-signalling-shim:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    environment:
+      BENCH_COMMAND: ${BENCH_COMMAND:-cases}
+      BENCH_CASES: ${BENCH_CASES:-p2p-signalling-netem-home-wifi}
+      BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT: ${BENCH_REPEAT_COUNT:-1}
+      BENCH_CASES_ROOT: /workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
+      BENCH_SIGNAL_SHIM_RELAY: ws://p2p-signalling-shim:7777/
+      BENCH_MD_FILE_COUNT: ${BENCH_MD_FILE_COUNT:-20}
+      BENCH_MD_MIN_SIZE_BYTES: ${BENCH_MD_MIN_SIZE_BYTES:-512}
+      BENCH_MD_MAX_SIZE_BYTES: ${BENCH_MD_MAX_SIZE_BYTES:-2048}
+      BENCH_BIN_FILE_COUNT: ${BENCH_BIN_FILE_COUNT:-5}
+      BENCH_BIN_SIZE_BYTES: ${BENCH_BIN_SIZE_BYTES:-8192}
+      BENCH_SYNC_TIMEOUT: ${BENCH_SYNC_TIMEOUT:-300}
+      BENCH_PEERS_TIMEOUT: ${BENCH_PEERS_TIMEOUT:-60}
+      LIVESYNC_P2P_RELAY_READY_TIMEOUT_MS: ${LIVESYNC_P2P_RELAY_READY_TIMEOUT_MS:-60000}
+      BENCH_LIVESYNC_TEST_TEE: ${BENCH_LIVESYNC_TEST_TEE:-0}
+    volumes:
+      - ./bench-results:/workspace/src/apps/cli/testdeno/bench-results
+
   p2p-split-host:
     build:
       context: ../..